{"id":58918,"date":"2020-05-07T02:26:29","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T23:26:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/?p=58918"},"modified":"2021-07-12T01:54:08","modified_gmt":"2021-07-11T22:54:08","slug":"ittihat-ve-terakki-partisi-20nci-yuzyilda-osmanlinin-yikilma-sureci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/ittihat-ve-terakki-partisi-20nci-yuzyilda-osmanlinin-yikilma-sureci\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi-20’nci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcreci"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi-20’nci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcreci<\/strong> … \u201cBundan sonra cemiyetin Cenevre (1897) ve Kahire (1897) \u015fubeleri faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi Rumeli’de de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar hayaldefterim<\/a> de\u2026<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi-20’nci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcreci<\/h2>\n
\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi:<\/h3>\n
\u00d6nce cemiyet daha sonra siyasi bir parti olarak kurulan ve geli\u015fen ittihat ve Terakki Partisi, T\u00fcrk tarihinde \u00f6nemli rol oynayan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck siyasi partidir, ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, 1889 tarihinde \u0130stanbul\u2019da Sarayburnu’nda G\u00fclhane bah\u00e7esinde kurulan \u0130ttihat-\u0131 Osman\u00ee Cemiyeti ile 1906’da Selanik’te Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti’nin 1907’de birle\u015fmesi ile olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n
“J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin Paris grubunu i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r”<\/h4>\n
\u0130ttihat-\u0131 Osman\u00ee Cemiyeti, k\u0131sa zamanda yurt i\u00e7inde ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda te\u015fkilat\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmi\u015f, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin Paris grubunu i\u00e7ine alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cemiyet ilk defa yurt i\u00e7inde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Ermeni olaylar\u0131 vesilesiyle duyurmu\u015ftur. Bundan sonra cemiyetin Cenevre (1897) ve Kahire (1897) \u015fubeleri faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi Rumeli’de de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. Cemiyet bu d\u00f6nemde kendisini bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131na, J\u00f6n T\u00fcrklerin (Gen\u00e7 T\u00fcrkler) temsilcisi olarak tan\u0131tm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Cemiyete ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u0130zmir\u2019de Hizmet, Saadet ve Ahenk, \u0130stanbul\u2019da \u015eura-y\u0131 \u00dcmmet, Cenevre’de Osmanl\u0131 \u0130\u00e7tihat, Paris’te Me\u015fveret Kahire’de Kanun-u Esas\u00ee, Basiret\u00fcl \u015eark gazeteleri ile yay\u0131nlar yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Cemiyetin ba\u015fl\u0131ca amac\u0131, 1876 Kanun-i Esasi\u2019sini (Anayasas\u0131n\u0131) tekrar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc koymak ve Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi Meb’usan\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Paris’te, 4 \u015eubat 1902’de toplanan J\u00f6n T\u00fcrk Kongresinde, Me\u015frutiyet d\u00fczeninin uygulanma metotlar\u0131 konusunda var\u0131lan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, Cemiyeti ikiye b\u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Prens Sabahattin, Te\u015febb\u00fcs’\u00fc \u015eahsi ve Adem-i Merkeziyet derne\u011fi kurarak Cemiyet’ten ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, di\u011fer taraftan da Ahmet R\u0131za Bey de Osmanl\u0131 Terakki ve \u0130ttihat Cemiyetini kurarak faaliyetine devam etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
1906 y\u0131l\u0131nda Selanik’te kurulan gizli Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti ise, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyetinin hayat\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti, Ruslar\u0131n Bulgarlar\u0131 koruyarak memleketin i\u00e7 i\u015flerine m\u00fcdahalesini protesto etmi\u015f, \u00f6zellikle ordu mensuplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da taraftar bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
14 Eyl\u00fcl 1907’de Merkezi Paris’te olan Osmanl\u0131 Terakki ve ittihat Cemiyeti ile merkezi Selanik’te olan Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fcrriyet Cemiyeti, Osmanl\u0131 Terakki ve \u0130ttihat Cemiyeti olarak bir yaz\u0131l\u0131 anla\u015fma ile birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n
Bu birle\u015fmelerden sonra ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, Rumeli’de b\u00fcy\u00fck bir silahl\u0131 ayaklanma hareketine girmi\u015ftir. Enver Bey Tikve\u015f civar\u0131nda, Niyazi ve Ey\u00fcp Sabri Beyler Resne ve Ohri’de, Sel\u00e2hattin ve Hasan Tosun Beyler Arnavutluk’ta h\u00fcrriyet taburlar\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. Cemiyetin Silahl\u0131 m\u00fcfrezeleri halk\u0131 ayaklanmaya te\u015fvik ve buna kar\u015f\u0131 da II. Abd\u00fclhamit’in bu b\u00f6lgeye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi bask\u0131 unsuru adamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Derne’de da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kan Kola\u011fas\u0131 (\u00f6ny\u00fczba\u015f\u0131) Niyazi ve arkada\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sindirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan asker\u00ee birlikler, h\u00fcrriyet isteyenlerle birle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Cemiyet 23 Temmuz 1908’de Manast\u0131r, Selanik ve Rumeli \u015fehirlerinde h\u00fcrriyet il\u00e2n etmi\u015f ve bunun sonucu olarak II. Abd\u00fclhamit de, Kanun-i Esas\u00eeyi (Anayasay\u0131) y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe koymu\u015ftur. B\u00f6ylece ikinci Me\u015frutiyet il\u00e2n edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
17 Aral\u0131k 1908’de, Osmanl\u0131 Meclisi Mebusan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f b\u00f6ylece Cemiyet mensuplar\u0131 siyas\u00ee iktidara sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/h4>\n
Yeni kurulan rejim i\u00e7erde ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da birtak\u0131m olaylarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bulgaristan, 5 Ekim 1908’de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmi\u015ftir. Avusturya-Macaristan, 6 Ekim 1908’de Bosna-Hersek’i \u00fclkesine katt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Girit ise Yunanistan’a kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 il\u00e2n etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Balkanlar’daki bu kay\u0131plar \u00fclke i\u00e7inde ilk kez rejime y\u00f6nelik bir tepkinin do\u011fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Tarihte 31 Mart Olay\u0131 diye an\u0131lan bu isyan \u0130stanbul\u2019da bir ter\u00f6r ortam\u0131 meydana getirdi. 31 Mart olay\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek ve Me\u015frutiyet rejimini tehlikeden kurtarmak i\u00e7in Rumeli’de Hareket Ordusu ad\u0131yla bir ordu kuruldu. 21 Nisan 1909’da \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelen ordu, 31 Mart olay\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rarak, duruma hakim oldu.<\/p>\n
Bu olaydan sonra II. Abd\u00fclhamit tahttan indirilerek yerine Sultan V. Mehmet Re\u015fat getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bundan sonra 1909’da Anayasada de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131larak parlamenter bir rejime y\u00f6nel inmi\u015ftir. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerle y\u00fcr\u00fctme organ\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 olan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar\u0131n yetkileri s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, kabinenin meclise kar\u015f\u0131 sorumlu olmas\u0131 ilke olarak kabul edilmi\u015f, yasama organ\u0131n\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilerek yetkileri geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklere ra\u011fmen durum d\u00fczelmemi\u015f, i\u00e7erde ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u00fcy\u00fck gaileler \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, artan mal\u00ee zorluklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Arnavutluk’ta ve Arap \u00fclkelerinde ayaklanmalar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u0130mparatorlu\u011fun bu g\u00fc\u00e7 durumunda bu defa, 1911’deTrablusgarp Sava\u015f\u0131, 1912 y\u0131l\u0131nda I. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 ve 1913’te de II. Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131 patlak vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi-20’nci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcreci … \u201cBundan sonra cemiyetin Cenevre (1897) ve Kahire (1897) \u015fubeleri faaliyete ge\u00e7ti\u011fi gibi Rumeli’de de h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir\u2026\u201d ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar hayaldefterim de\u2026 \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi-20’nci Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lma s\u00fcreci \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Partisi: \u00d6nce cemiyet daha sonra siyasi bir parti olarak kurulan ve geli\u015fen ittihat ve …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":58939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9500],"tags":[12644,12786,12654,12785,12645,12656,12655],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58918"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=58918"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":58919,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/58918\/revisions\/58919"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/58939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=58918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=58918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kocaelikent.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=58918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}